Ultimate Guide to Trolling for Steelhead: Techniques, Gear, and Tips for Success
By: FishUSA Staff
September 25, 2024
Trolling for steelhead is a highly effective method for covering large areas of water and targeting these elusive fish, particularly in large rivers and the Great Lakes. Steelhead are known for their strong fighting abilities and can be found in various water conditions, making them a challenging and rewarding target for anglers. This in-depth guide will cover everything you need to know about trolling for steelhead, including gear selection, techniques, lure choices, and tips for success.
Table of Contents
Understanding Steelhead Behavior
Before diving into the specifics of trolling, it’s essential to understand steelhead behavior. Steelhead are anadromous fish, meaning they migrate from the ocean to freshwater rivers to spawn. Steelhead have also been introduced to the Great Lakes, creating a phenomenal strictly freshwater fishery for these incredible gamefish. They are incredibly aggressive fish, making for some extremely savage strikes while trolling.
Steelhead tend to hold in specific areas depending on the time of year, water temperature, and food availability. Understanding where these fish are likely to be found at different times of the year is crucial for successful trolling.
Seasonal Movements
- Winter: In colder months, steelhead often hold in deeper pools and slower-moving waters of whatever river they plan to spawn in. They are less active but will still strike well-presented lures.
- Spring: As water temperatures rise, steelhead begin to move upstream to spawn. They can be found in faster-moving water, such as riffles and runs, as well as in deep pools and tailouts.
- Summer: Some steelhead strains run upriver in the summer. These fish can be found in deep pools or fast riffles that provide cool, oxygen rich water. Fall, winter, and spring run steelhead are in the ocean or whatever Great Lake they inhabit during the summer months.
- Fall: The fall is when most steelhead run upriver to spawn or stage near the mouth of their spawning tributary. After entering the stream, steelhead are on the move thanks to warm water. Look for them to be in fast riffles and tailouts during high water events, and deep pools.
Essential Gear for Trolling for Steelhead
Selecting the right gear is critical for successful steelhead trolling. The following sections cover the essential equipment you’ll need.
Rods
For trolling, you’ll want a rod that is long and has a parabolic bend. A trolling rod with a length of 8-10 feet is typically ideal, as it provides the necessary leverage to handle the strong runs of a steelhead, is soft enough to keep hooks pinned, and offers the necessary length to be fished with dipsy divers or with a downrigger.
FishUSA Flagship Trolling Rod
The FishUSA Flagship Trolling Rod offers models with a great balance of a strong backbone and soft tip with a parabolic bend to keep hard-fighting steelhead hooked well.
St. Croix Onchor Salmon & Steelhead Trolling Rod
The St. Croix Onchor Salmon & Steelhead Trolling Rod is known for its durability and excellent performance, this rod is a top choice among steelhead anglers.
Reels
When it comes to reels, line capacity and drag are critical factors. A level-wind reel with a good drag system is ideal for trolling steelhead, as it allows you to control the fish during its powerful runs.
Shimano Tekota A Trolling Reel
The Shimano Tekota A Trolling Reel is known for its robust drag system and smooth operation, making it a reliable choice for steelhead trolling.
Daiwa Sealine SG-3B Line Counter Reel
The Daiwa Sealine SG-3B Line Counter Reel is perfect for precision trolling, allowing you to measure the exact depth your lure is running at.
Line
Choosing the right fishing line is essential for trolling success. Monofilament, braided, and lead core lines are all viable options, depending on the specific trolling technique and water conditions.
- Monofilament: Offers stretch, which can be beneficial when trolling to absorb the shock of a steelhead's strike and headshakes during the fight.
- Braided Line: Known for its sensitivity and strength, braided line is ideal for deep trolling and when using planer boards and diving devices.
- Lead Core: Used to get lures down to the desired depth without additional weights.
Suffix Elite premium Monofilament Line
Suffix Elite premium Monofilament Line is strong and durable, making it a reliable choice for trolling.
PowerPro Braided Spectra Fiber Line
PowerPro Braided Spectra Fiber Line is thin to easily reach great depths, yet still plenty strong enough to handle giant steelhead.
Tackle and Lures
Choosing the right lures is critical for enticing steelhead to strike. The following sections cover some of the most effective lures for trolling.
Plugs
Plugs are a popular choice for steelhead trolling because of their erratic action, which mimics the movement of injured baitfish.
- Yakima Bait Mag Lip: This plug has a unique "skip-beat" action that triggers strikes from aggressive steelhead.
- Kwikfish: Known for its wide, wobbling action, the Kwikfish is ideal for trolling in deeper waters.
Spoons
Spoons are effective for trolling because they can be trolled at various depths and speeds. Their flashing action imitates baitfish, making them irresistible to steelhead.
- Moonshine Lures Trolling Spoon: This spoon is designed for low-light conditions and has a glow feature that attracts steelhead in deeper waters.
- Dreamweaver Magnum Spoon: Known for its durability and effective wobbling action, this spoon is a favorite among steelhead anglers.
How to Troll for Steelhead
Trolling for steelhead involves dragging lures behind a moving boat at a controlled speed to cover large areas of water. The following sections cover essential trolling techniques, including line setup, speed control, and more.
Line Setup
Setting up your line correctly is crucial for effective trolling. Here’s a basic guide to getting started:
- Main Line: Start with a strong, low-stretch main line. Monofilament is a common choice for its shock absorption, but many anglers also prefer braided lines for their strength and sensitivity. For deeper trolling, lead core line can be used to get your lures down to the desired depth.
- Leader: Attach a fluorocarbon leader to your main line. Fluorocarbon is nearly invisible underwater, making it ideal for line-shy steelhead. The leader should be 6-8 feet long, with a pound test appropriate for the size of fish you’re targeting—typically 12-20 lb test.
- Swivels: Use high-quality swivels to prevent line twist, especially when trolling with spoons. Attach the swivel between the main line and the leader.
- Lures: Choose your lure based on the conditions and target depth. Plugs and spoons are both effective, but each works best in different situations (as detailed in the lure section above).
Speed Control
Speed control is crucial when trolling for steelhead. Generally, slower speeds (1.5-3 mph) are more effective, as they allow the lures to mimic the slow, injured movements of baitfish. However, slight adjustments in speed can make a significant difference, so don’t be afraid to experiment.
Depth Control
Getting your lure to the right depth is critical. Steelhead are often found at specific depths, depending on the water temperature and conditions. Using lead core line, diving plugs, or downriggers can help you achieve the desired depth.
Using Planer Boards
Planer boards allow you to spread your lines out from the side of the boat, covering more water and reducing the chances of spooking fish. This is especially effective in shallow or clear water where steelhead might be wary of the boat.
Zig-Zag Trolling
Zig-zag trolling is an effective technique that allows your lures to move at varying speeds and depths, mimicking the erratic movement of injured baitfish. This can trigger strikes from steelhead that are following your lure but haven't committed to striking.
Tips for Success
- Vary Your Lure Presentation: If you’re not getting bites, try changing the color, size, or type of lure you’re using. Steelhead can be selective, so it’s important to experiment until you find what works.
- Monitor Water Temperature: Steelhead are sensitive to water temperature changes. During the summer, you’ll want to find the coldest water possible or run your baits deep.
- Use Electronics: Fish finders and GPS units can help you locate steelhead and identify the depth at which they are holding. This allows you to adjust your trolling setup accordingly.
- Be Patient: Trolling for steelhead can require long hours on the water. Patience is key, as these fish can be elusive and may require persistence to catch.
Conclusion
Trolling for steelhead is a challenging but rewarding method that allows you to cover large areas of water and target these powerful fish. By selecting the right gear, mastering essential techniques, and understanding steelhead behavior, you can increase your chances of success. Whether you’re a seasoned angler or new to steelhead fishing, this guide will help you get the most out of your trolling efforts. With the right setup and approach, you’ll be well on your way to landing these prized fish.
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